Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, Vol 53, Issue 2 P105-P111, Copyright © 1998 by The Gerontological Society of America
Age-biased interpretation of memory successes and failures in adulthood
S Bieman-Copland and EB Ryan
Department of Psychology, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario. sbieman@spartan.ac.brocku.ca
This study extends previous research, which has demonstrated that age
stereotypes bias the interpretation of everyday memory failures, by
examining the responses of 81 young and 84 old participants to questions
about the meaning and causes of memory successes and failures. The
scenarios used described memory situations in which age differences would
be small or nonexistent and included situtional factors that could account
for the memory outcome, providing a more stringent test of the age-bias
hypothesis. Under such testing conditions, memory successes in old targets
are seen to be less typical than for young targets. Moreover, memory
failures are seen to be more strongly caused by lack of ability and viewed
as more worrisome. Finally, memory outcomes, in general, are perceived to
be less controllable for old targets.
