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Domain-Specific Knowledge as the "Dark Matter" of Adult Intelligence

Gf/Gc, Personality and Interest Correlates

^a School of Psychology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta

Phillip L. Ackerman, School of Psychology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Psychology Building, 274 5th Street, Atlanta, GA 30332-0170 E-mail: phillip.ackerman{at}psych.gatech.edu.

Decision Editor: Toni C. Antonucci, PhD

An enduring controversy in intelligence theory and assessment, the argument that middle-aged adults are, on average, less intelligent than young adults, is addressed in this study. A sample of 228 educated adults between ages 21 and 62 years was given an array of tests that focused on a broad assessment of intelligence-as-knowledge, traditional estimates of fluid intelligence (Gf) and crystallized intelligence (Gc), personality, and interests. The results indicate that middle-aged adults are more knowledgeable in many domains, compared with younger adults. A coherent pattern of ability, personality, and interest relations is found. The results are consistent with a developmental perspective of intelligence that includes both traditional ability and non-ability determinants of intelligence during adulthood. A reassessment of the nature of intelligence in adulthood is provided, in the context of a lifelong learning and investment model, called PPIK, for intelligence-as-Process, Personality, Interests, and intelligence-as-Knowledge (Ackerman 1996).

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